时事聚焦丨中美贸易战开启！
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根据国务院关税税则委员会2018年第5号公告，对原产于美国的部分进口商品加征关税措施将在美方的加征关税措施生效后即行实施。
根据美国海关和边境保护局消息，美国于当地时间7月6日00:01（北京时间6日12:01）起对第一批清单上818个类别、价值340亿美元的中国商品加征25%的进口关税。作为反击，中国也于同日对同等规模的美国产品加征25%的进口关税。
至此，中美贸易战正式开启。
悲剧的“飞马峰”
As the clock was ticking towards 12 p.m. (Beijing time), on July 6, a freight vessel, called Peak Pegasus, loaded with US soybeans, was racing to the port of Dalian, trying to beat the deadline when China's retaliatory tariffs would kick in.
北京时间7月6日中午12点（美国东部时间半夜12点）的时候，渤海上有一艘名为“飞马峰”（Peak Pegasus）的货船，装载着整船美国大豆，正飞奔着驶向大连，试图在中国报复性关税来临前卸货。
It was a sad but memorable moment when Peak Pegasus docked at its port in Dalian. This moment would forever hold a place in world history, to symbolize what Trump's shameless tariff decisions have done.
当货船在大连靠岸停泊那一刻，真是一个悲伤而令人难忘的时刻，它将永远在历史上留下一笔，象征着特朗普无耻关税下的众多牺牲品。
我国政府态度坚决
美国7月6日开始对340亿美元中国产品加征25%的关税。美国违反世贸规则，发动了迄今为止经济史上规模最大的贸易战。这种征税行为是典型的贸易霸凌主义，正在严重危害全球产业链和价值链安全，阻碍全球经济复苏步伐，引发全球市场动荡，还将波及全球更多无辜的跨国公司、一般企业和普通消费者，不但无助、还将有损于美国企业和人民利益。
With additional tariffs of 25 percent on Chinese products worth 34 billion US dollars taking effect on Friday, the United States has ignited the largest trade war in economic history, the Chinese Ministry of Commerce said in a statement earlier.
The ministry called the US move "textbook trade hegemony," which is set to cause damage, including harming the global production chain and value chain, setting back global recovery, triggering market turmoil, and hurting innocent companies, consumers and US enterprises and ordinary people.
中方承诺不打第一枪，但为了捍卫国家核心利益和人民群众利益，不得不被迫作出必要反击。我们将及时向世贸组织通报相关情况，并与世界各国一道，共同维护自由贸易和多边体制。同时，中方再度重申，我们将坚定不移深化改革、扩大开放，保护企业家精神，强化产权保护，为世界各国在华企业创造良好营商环境。我们将持续评估有关企业所受影响，并将努力采取有效措施帮助企业。
China had promised not to fire the first shot of the trade war, the ministry noted, adding that to safeguard the interests of the country and its people, China has to take necessary countermeasures.
"We will inform the World Trade Organization in time and work with other countries to safeguard the free trade and the multilateral system," the statement read.
The ministry reiterated that China will continue to take solid reform and opening-up steps, protect entrepreneurship and intellectual property rights, and provide a good environment for foreign-invested companies in China.
"We will continue evaluating the losses of affected companies and take helpful measures."
美国社会的反应
"The longer this drags out, the more danger there is that we'll see a real drag on our economy. We're going to see Alabama lose jobs, and that's not acceptable.''
“（贸易战）拖得越久越危险，它会真正拖累我们的经济发展，阿拉巴马失业率也会上升，这是不可接受的。”
—Alabama Commerce Secretary Greg Canfield
阿拉巴马商务部秘书长戈雷格·肯菲尔德
"You can't fix trade deficits with trade wars."
“贸易战并不能解决贸易赤字。”
—Jonathan Arn, owner of Carter Pecans in Albany, Georgia
奥尔巴尼市Carter Pecan（美国坚果出口公司）业主
Ken Maschhoff, chairman of Maschhoff Family Foods and co-owner of the nation's largest family-owned pork producer, said the farm industry has been "asked to be good patriots. We have been. But I don't want to be the patriot who dies at the end of the war. If we go out of business, it's tough to look at my kids and the 550 farm families that look us into the eye and our 1,400 employees."
肯·马斯霍夫，美国最大的家族经营猪肉生产公司Maschhoff的董事长表示，农产品行业被要求“成为爱国者”。“我们一直都是，但我们并不想成为最后牺牲在战争中的爱国者。如果破产，我将无法面对我的孩子们和550位农场主投来的目光，还有我的1400位雇员。”
— CNBC
"We're the victims in a fight that we didn't pick."
“我们都是这场身不由己的贸易战的受害人。”
— Eric Gregory of the Kentucky Distillers' Association （National Public Radio）
肯塔基制酒协会成员埃里克格·雷戈里
"There's going to be an awful lot of battles lost on the way," said Tim Velde, a fourth-generation farmer in western Minnesota's Yellow Medicine County, who is bracing for tariffs on American soybeans. "I don't see anybody winning."
“贸易战的路上会成就无数失败者。” 耶洛梅德辛县第四代农场主蒂姆·威尔德正准备迎接美国大豆出口关税的打击，他表示，“我看不到赢家。”
– The New York Times
加征关税，特朗普到底在想啥？
其实，特朗普可能妄想通过加征关税的方式迫使美国的竞争对手们做出让步。但这一逻辑本身却并不合理。
The assumed logic of Trump's tariffs was that they were leverage to force concessions from rivals. But perhaps logic is the wrong metric to use with this president.
通过对中国、俄罗斯，以及美国的传统盟友欧盟（EU）及加拿大等国家和地区加征关税，特朗普不仅“惹了众怒”，让美国陷入了孤立的境地，还成功地让其竞争对手们越走越近。
By imposing tariffs on China and Russia, as well as traditional allies like the European Union (EU) and Canada, he has isolated the US and pushed its competitors closer together in opposition.
7月6日，美国对价值340亿美元的中国商品加征关税正式生效，同日，中国启动同等规模的反制措施，并在世贸组织对美国追加起诉。近几周，面对特朗普的征税措施，欧盟、俄罗斯、印度、加拿大、墨西哥和挪威也都纷纷“展开反击”，相继向WTO进行了申诉。
Those rivals have responded by acting within the rules. On Friday, China issued a complaint to the WTO. The EU, Russia, India, Canada, Mexico and Norway have done the same in recent weeks.
特朗普“退群”瞄准WTO？
很多人担心，世贸组织会否成为特朗普继《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》、《巴黎气候协议》、伊核协议等之后的下一个“退群”目标。
Many fear that the WTO could be Trump's next target, a route to driving a stake through the heart of the global trading system.
秉承着“单边主义”进行了一系列的“退群操作”后，特朗普已经让美国在世界舞台上的信誉大打折扣。而目前他这种不顾世界贸易秩序，一心“施加关税”的做法，或更将使美国在未来数月甚至几年内遭受巨大的经济损失。
Trump has harmed the credibility of the US on the world stage with his unilateralist leanings — withdrawing from the Trans-Pacific Partnership, the Paris climate agreement, the Iran nuclear deal. By imposing tariffs he has ignored norms designed to maintain stability, moves that will likely do economic damage over the months and years to come.
实际上，不论特朗普退出世贸组织还是违背世贸组织规则，都将造成灾难性的后果。
But should he take a step further and withdraw from the WTO — or undermine it to the point of nullifying its ability to act effectively — the consequences could be catastrophic.
这场中美贸易战在经历了起起伏伏的铺垫之后，最终还是展开了。显然，这不是人们希望看到的。希望这场“战争”能够早日结束，全球贸易恢复良好的秩序。而对于特朗普挑起的贸易战，大概也就如下图一般吧。
我只是一条分割线
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